What’s your plan for surviving the bear market? This investing pro with 50 years of experience has some tips.

But this investing plan is not the same for everyone, because each of us is in a different situation. People can stomach varying amounts of risk. That’s based on what our goals are, how our brains are wired, and what we have lived through. In my case, when my dad died I went to the small bank in the Kansas town where he’d lived and found a stash of cash in his safety deposit box. He had lived through the Great Depression. That was a time of deflation, and cash in the safety deposit box was what he needed to feel safe, based on the life that he lived. That isn’t my plan, but it was his.

Everyone is different. Yet everyone faces the same ups and downs in the public markets. So, what’s your plan?

• First, answer the question, “Why are you investing?” It isn’t a plan if there aren’t goals. If you want to retire in 30 years, you may be able to bear more risk in order to maximize the growth of your portfolio than you would if you hope to retire in three years.

• Then, determine what balance of bonds and relatively more risky stocks is comfortable for you. If you reduce the percentage you have in stocks, you may feel better when markets go down, but you have to balance that with feeling like you’re missing out when the markets go up.

• Focus on controlling what is in your control — for instance, saving more and spending less.

If you find yourself tempted to make a change, think carefully about whether you’re moving from one long-term plan to the next long-term plan. Trying to time short-term moves has more in common with gambling than with long-term investing plans.

When I look back over my 50 years as an investor, I can make a long list of all the shocks that brought markets down. People now are talking about high interest rates. I remember in the early 1980s buying an apartment in Brooklyn with a loan that had a 15% interest rate. I didn’t like it, but I didn’t have a choice, because I needed a loan if I wanted to buy that apartment.

We have to accept that shocks will happen, and prepare for them rather than try to predict them. This time there is inflation, fear of a recession, war in Ukraine and increased volatility. We don’t know when any of this will end. We also won’t know what will cause the next shock or when it will occur. The only thing I can guarantee is that it’s going to be a surprise (because if it weren’t, the market would have priced it in).

As a long-term investor, here’s the good news: You can capture the returns of the market without having to accurately forecast (which is great, since almost no one is consistently good at that). In times like this when stock prices fall, the market is setting prices so shares will have a better return and attract buyers. Going forward, people who buy shares at these lower prices have a greater chance of enjoying a positive outcome.

This doesn’t feel great if you still own once high-flying growth stocks, but that’s why I encourage people not to buy individual stocks. I love that investors can easily diversify and spread out their risk. When choosing how much you want invested in stocks, balance the regret you would feel when markets go down with the regret of missing out when things turn around.

When you can be a long-term investor and think in terms of decades rather than years, you have the greatest chance of capturing the power of compounding. Those little extra gains add up over time. It helps explain why over the past 95 years (including all those market shocks), the return for the overall U.S. stock market has been around 10% a year.

Stocks rarely return 10% in any one year, but over time, long-term investors have been rewarded with that longer-term average. I think that’s amazing. But I also know it’s tough to stick it out, because it means that you have to get through these tough times, even when the market is going down and down.

I don’t like to tell people what to do. I never told my dad what he should do. But I do want to help and I know how stressful a bear market can be. I have always tried to share my perspective on investing with the hope that it can help people be long-term investors, who then have the greatest chance of meeting their goals. I know that right now is tough for many people. But I have seen over my career how many people have benefited from creating a plan that made sense to them and that they could stick with. It’s not always easy, but it’s the best option I know — and it’s never too late to start.

David Booth is founder and executive chairman of Dimensional Fund Advisors and a trustee of the University of Chicago, whose Booth School of Business is named after him.

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